Top Raw Land Investing Platforms in 2026: A Listicle for Investors Seeking Diversification

Raw land investing has gained momentum as investors look beyond traditional stocks, bonds, and rental properties for long-term growth and portfolio diversification. This listicle reviews some of the top raw land and land-focused investing platforms, explains why this alternative asset class matters, outlines the risks and ideal investor profile, and shows how these investments can be made using a Self-Directed IRA with IRA Financial.

Why Raw Land Investing Matters

Raw land refers to undeveloped property with no buildings or permanent improvements, such as vacant lots, farmland, or acreage held for future development. Unlike income-producing real estate, raw land typically does not generate immediate cash flow. Instead, investors rely on long-term appreciation driven by population growth, infrastructure expansion, zoning changes, or agricultural demand.

Key reasons investors consider raw land include:

  • Portfolio diversification outside of public markets
  • Inflation hedging through tangible assets
  • Limited supply and long-term appreciation potential
  • Lower maintenance compared to developed real estate

Because raw land is generally a long-term and illiquid investment, it's best suited for patient investors with a higher risk tolerance.

Top Raw Land Investing Platforms (No Particular Order)

The following platforms were selected based on a review of their fees, reputation, offerings, performance history, and investor requirements. This list is not ranked.

AcreTrader – Fractional Farmland Investing

AcreTrader specializes in fractional ownership of U.S. farmland. Investors purchase shares in farmland entities and may benefit from land appreciation and lease income from farm operators. The platform focuses on institutional-quality farmland and conducts extensive due diligence before listing properties.

  • Best for: Accredited investors seeking farmland exposure
  • Minimum investment: Typically $10,000–$25,000
  • Key consideration: Long-term holding periods and limited liquidity

FarmTogether – Sustainable Farmland Investments

FarmTogether offers fractional ownership and fund-based investments in professionally managed farmland. The platform emphasizes sustainability and long-term appreciation, with some opportunities generating annual lease income.

  • Best for: Accredited investors focused on long-term diversification
  • Minimum investment: Often $15,000 or more
  • Key consideration: Capital is generally locked up for multiple years

The Land Geek – Direct Raw Land Opportunities

The Land Geek focuses specifically on raw land investing, offering access to vacant land deals across the U.S. Unlike traditional crowdfunding platforms, opportunities may involve direct purchases, seller-financed deals, or buy-and-hold strategies.

  • Best for: Investors seeking direct exposure to raw land
  • Minimum investment: Varies by deal
  • Key consideration: Requires strong due diligence and market knowledge

CrowdStreet – Land and Development-Oriented Real Estate

CrowdStreet is a real estate marketplace that offers institutional-grade commercial real estate opportunities, some of which include land development or land-heavy projects. These investments are typically structured as private placements.

  • Best for: Experienced, accredited investors
  • Minimum investment: Often $25,000 or more
  • Key consideration: Complex offerings and long holding periods

Yieldstreet – Alternative Investment Marketplace

Yieldstreet provides access to a wide range of alternative investments, including real estate-related offerings that may involve land acquisition or development strategies. Some offerings provide diversified exposure through funds.

  • Best for: Accredited investors seeking broad alternative exposure
  • Minimum investment: Typically $10,000 or more
  • Key consideration: Fees and liquidity vary by offering

Who Is Raw Land Investing Best Suited For?

Raw land investing may be appropriate for investors who:

  • Want to diversify beyond stocks and traditional real estate
  • Have a long-term investment horizon
  • Can tolerate illiquidity and market cycles
  • Are comfortable evaluating non-traditional investments

Investors who need current income or short-term liquidity may find raw land less suitable.

Book a free call with a self-directed retirement specialist

  • Review your self-directed retirement options
  • Learn about investing in alternative assets
  • Get all of your questions answered

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Risks and Key Considerations

Before investing in raw land, investors should carefully evaluate:

  • Illiquidity, as land can take time to sell
  • Lack of regular income unless leased
  • Local zoning, environmental, and access issues
  • Market demand and future development prospects
  • Platform-specific risks, including fees and transparency

Thorough due diligence is essential, particularly when investing through third-party platforms.

Why Use a Self-Directed IRA for Land Investing?

A Self-Directed IRA from IRA Financial allows investors to use retirement funds to invest in alternative assets like raw land while maintaining tax advantages. Depending on whether the account is Traditional or Roth, gains may grow tax-deferred or tax-free.

Key benefits include:

  • Broader investment choice beyond Wall Street assets
  • Potential tax-efficient growth
  • Control over investment decisions
  • Ability to invest in land, real estate, private placements, and more

IRA Financial specializes in Self-Directed IRAs and provides the structure and support needed to invest compliantly in alternative assets.

Final Thoughts

Raw land investing can play a meaningful role in a diversified, long-term investment strategy, particularly when paired with the tax advantages of a Self-Directed IRA. Whether investing through fractional farmland platforms, direct land opportunities, or real estate marketplaces, proper structure and compliance are critical.

To learn more about investing in raw land or other alternative assets using a Self-Directed IRA, request a consultation with an IRA Financial New Accounts Specialist today and explore how self-direction can help you take greater control of your retirement strategy.

This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment, tax, or legal advice. Any rankings, ratings, or opinions expressed reflect the views of IRA Financial based on internal research, listed criteria, and publicly available data at the time of publication. Rankings are subjective and may not be suitable for all investors. Readers should independently evaluate all options and consult with qualified advisors prior to making financial decisions.

Frequently Asked Questions About Raw Land Investing

Can you invest in raw land with a Self-Directed IRA?

Yes. A Self-Directed IRA allows you to invest in raw land, provided all purchases, expenses, and income flow through the IRA and IRS rules are followed.

Does raw land generate income inside an IRA?

Most raw land investments focus on appreciation. However, land leased for agricultural or commercial use may generate income, which can grow tax-deferred or tax-free inside the IRA.

Are there restrictions when holding land in an IRA?

Yes. You cannot personally use or benefit from land owned by your IRA, and all expenses must be paid directly from IRA funds.


Top Energy Investing Platforms to Consider in 2026

Energy investing has quietly become one of the most compelling alternative asset classes available to investors today. As global energy demand grows and the transition toward renewable and infrastructure driven solutions accelerates, more investors are looking beyond public stocks and ETFs for direct exposure to energy related assets.

Institutional investors have used energy investments for decades to generate income, hedge inflation, and diversify portfolios. What has changed is access. Today, a growing number of online platforms allow individual investors to participate in private energy deals, renewable projects, and energy infrastructure opportunities that were once off limits.

Below is an overview of some of the top energy investing platforms, listed in no particular order. These platforms were selected based on a review of their fees, reputation, offerings, historical performance, and investor requirements. We will also explain how these investments can be made using a Self-Directed IRA with IRA Financial, along with the risks, considerations, and frequently asked questions investors should understand before getting started.

What Is Energy Investing?

Energy investing refers to placing capital into assets that produce, distribute, or support energy. This can include traditional oil and gas projects, renewable energy infrastructure such as solar and wind, energy storage, grid modernization, and other energy transition technologies.

Unlike publicly traded energy stocks, many energy investments are private. These deals often generate income from long term contracts, power purchase agreements, or production revenue, which can make them attractive for investors seeking diversification and cash flow.

Why Energy Investing Matters as an Alternative Asset Class

Energy is essential to the global economy. Regardless of market cycles, energy demand continues. From a portfolio perspective, energy investments can offer several potential benefits:

  • Exposure to real assets with intrinsic value
  • Potential income through cash distributions
  • Lower correlation to public markets
  • Inflation hedging characteristics
  • Participation in long term energy transition trends

For retirement investors, energy assets can also play a role in creating tax efficient income when held inside a Self-Directed IRA.

Book a free call with a self-directed retirement specialist

  • Review your self-directed retirement options
  • Learn about investing in alternative assets
  • Get all of your questions answered

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Top Energy Investing Platforms

1. EnergyFunders

EnergyFunders is a marketplace that connects investors with direct oil and gas investment opportunities. The platform focuses on producing and development stage wells, primarily available to accredited investors.

Minimum investments typically start around $5,000, and offerings are structured as direct participation interests. Investors are attracted to EnergyFunders for its detailed deal information and potential cash flow.

This platform is best suited for experienced investors who understand commodity risk, project timelines, and the inherent volatility of oil and gas markets.

2. Energea

Energea focuses on renewable energy investments, primarily solar projects. Investors can gain exposure to income producing renewable infrastructure through equity and structured offerings.

Energea emphasizes long term cash flow and sustainability. Investments are generally held for multiple years, making this platform more appropriate for investors with a long term horizon who are comfortable with illiquidity.

Renewable infrastructure like solar can be particularly attractive inside retirement accounts due to its predictable income profile.

3. WillowWealth

WillowWealth is a well known alternative investment platform that provides access to a variety of private market investments, including energy and infrastructure related deals.

While WillowWealth is not exclusively focused on energy, it occasionally offers energy transition, infrastructure, and real asset investments. Minimums and eligibility requirements vary by offering, with some deals available to non-accredited investors.

This platform appeals to investors looking for diversified exposure across alternative asset classes through a single platform.

4. Abundance Investments

Abundance Investments is a UK based platform that allows investors to participate in renewable energy and infrastructure projects through bonds and equity investments.

While access may be limited for U.S. investors depending on the offering, Abundance highlights the growing global interest in clean energy investing and community backed infrastructure projects.

Investors considering international platforms should be mindful of currency risk and jurisdictional regulations.

5. Tokenized Energy Platforms

Some newer platforms use blockchain technology to tokenize energy assets, power contracts, or renewable energy certificates. Examples include projects focused on tokenized power purchase agreements or energy credits.

These investments are speculative and come with regulatory uncertainty, but they represent an emerging segment of energy investing that combines digital assets with real world infrastructure.

This category is best suited for investors who understand blockchain technology and are comfortable with higher risk.

What Type of Investor Is Energy Investing Best Suited For?

Energy investments are generally best suited for:

  • Investors seeking diversification beyond stocks and bonds
  • Income focused investors looking for cash flowing assets
  • Accredited investors interested in private placements
  • Long term investors comfortable with illiquidity
  • Retirement investors using Self-Directed IRAs

Because many energy deals are private and long term, patience and due diligence are essential.

Risks and Key Considerations

Like all alternative investments, energy investing carries risk. Some of the most important considerations include:

  • Illiquidity, since many investments cannot be easily sold
  • Project specific risk tied to execution, pricing, or regulation
  • Commodity price exposure for oil and gas investments
  • Regulatory and policy changes, especially for renewable energy
  • Platform level risk related to underwriting and management

Investors should carefully review offering documents and understand how each investment fits within their overall portfolio.

Why Use a Self-Directed IRA to Invest in Energy Assets?

A Self-Directed IRA allows you to invest retirement funds into alternative assets such as private energy deals, renewable infrastructure, and real assets that are not available through traditional brokerage accounts.

With a Self-Directed IRA through IRA Financial, investors can:

  • Invest in eligible energy platforms using tax advantaged retirement dollars
  • Defer or potentially eliminate taxes on gains depending on account type
  • Diversify retirement portfolios beyond public markets
  • Maintain control over investment decisions

Energy investments can be particularly powerful inside retirement accounts when structured correctly and aligned with long term objectives.

Final Thoughts and Next Steps

Energy investing offers investors access to real assets, income potential, and long-term growth opportunities that extend beyond traditional portfolios. When combined with the flexibility of a Self-Directed IRA, energy investments can become a powerful component of a well-diversified retirement strategy.

If you are interested in learning how to invest in energy assets through a Self-Directed IRA, IRA Financial can help.

Request a consultation with a New Accounts Specialist today to explore how alternative investments like energy can fit into your retirement plan and help you take control of your financial future.

This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment, tax, or legal advice. Any rankings, ratings, or opinions expressed reflect the views of IRA Financial based on internal research, listed criteria, and publicly available data at the time of publication. Rankings are subjective and may not be suitable for all investors. Readers should independently evaluate all options and consult with qualified advisors prior to making financial decisions.

Frequently Asked Questions About Energy Investing

Can I invest in energy platforms with my IRA?

Yes, many energy investments can be made using a Self-Directed IRA, provided they comply with IRS rules and the platform accepts IRA capital.

Are energy investments risky?

All investments carry risk. Energy investments involve project risk, regulatory risk, and illiquidity. Proper due diligence is essential.

Do I need to be an accredited investor?

Many energy platforms require accreditation, although some offerings may be available to non accredited investors.

What returns should I expect?

Returns vary widely depending on the asset type, structure, and market conditions. There are no guaranteed returns.


401(k)

Trump, Alternatives, and the Solo 401(k): The Retirement Plan That Paved the Way for Alts in 401(k)s

For decades, the American retirement system has rested on a simple but increasingly outdated assumption: that 401(k) investors should primarily own stocks, bonds, and mutual funds, while private investments belong to institutions and wealthy individuals. That assumption is now being challenged in a meaningful way.

A combination of policy shifts, market realities, and evolving views on retirement security are pushing alternatives such as private equity, real estate, private credit, and even digital assets closer to the mainstream of workplace retirement plans. At the center of this shift is a 2025 Executive Order from President Trump, paired with a newly proposed Department of Labor (DOL) fiduciary rule aimed at clarifying how alternatives can be prudently included in 401(k) plans.

At the same time, this debate is not entirely new. Alternatives have been legally permitted in retirement plans since ERISA was enacted in 1974. In fact, Solo 401(k) plans, which are also ERISA plans, have been successfully investing in alternatives for nearly five decades. The real question is not whether alts can be in 401(k)s, but why they have been effectively excluded from most employer-sponsored plans — and whether that exclusion still makes sense today.

The Trump Executive Order: A Catalyst for Change

In 2025, President Trump issued an Executive Order directing the Department of Labor and the Securities and Exchange Commission to clarify how retirement plans could responsibly include private market investments. The core idea was straightforward: if institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals routinely use alternatives to enhance diversification and returns, then everyday retirement savers should not be locked out of those same opportunities.

The EO did not mandate that 401(k) plans must include alternatives. Instead, it instructed regulators to remove unnecessary barriers and provide clearer guidance so plan fiduciaries could offer alternatives without undue fear of litigation or regulatory scrutiny.

This was an important shift in tone. For years, the DOL had signaled skepticism — if not outright hostility — toward private assets in 401(k) plans, particularly in default options like target-date funds. While ERISA never prohibited alternatives, prior guidance created a chilling effect that discouraged plan sponsors from even considering them.

The Trump EO reframed the conversation. Rather than asking whether alternatives were too risky for workers, policymakers began asking whether it was fair or even responsible to deny workers access to the same asset classes that drive long-term growth for pensions, endowments, and sovereign wealth funds.

The DOL’s Proposed Fiduciary Rule on Alternatives

In response to the Executive Order, the Department of Labor submitted a proposed rule titled “Fiduciary Duties in Selecting Investment Alternatives” to the Office of Management and Budget for review.

While the final details will emerge after public comment, the intent is clear: move away from an implicit “alts are risky — avoid them” stance toward a more principles-based fiduciary framework under ERISA.

The proposal aims to clarify that:

  • Alternatives are not inherently imprudent simply because they are illiquid or complex.
  • Fiduciaries can include private assets in 401(k) menus and even in target-date funds — as long as they follow a prudent process.
  • Risk management, transparency, and reasonable fees should guide decision-making rather than blanket prohibitions.

If adopted, this could be a watershed moment for retirement investing in America. Even a small allocation of 401(k) assets to private markets would create one of the largest new pools of long-term capital in history, while potentially improving diversification and risk-adjusted returns for millions of workers.

Why Alternatives Have Traditionally Been Excluded from 401(k)s

Despite being legal for decades, alternatives have been largely absent from traditional employer-sponsored 401(k) plans. This exclusion was not driven by tax law, but by fiduciary risk and litigation concerns under ERISA.

Plan sponsors, typically employers, have a legal duty to act in the best interest of plan participants. If something goes wrong, they can be sued personally for breaches of fiduciary duty. This has made many employers extremely conservative in their investment menus.

Several factors contributed to their reluctance to offer alternatives:

1. Litigation Risk

Over the past decade, there has been a wave of class-action lawsuits against employers alleging that their 401(k) plans had excessive fees or underperforming funds. Even when employers win these cases, the legal costs and reputational damage can be significant.

Because alternatives often carry higher fees than index funds, employers feared that including them would invite lawsuits — even if those fees were justified by better performance or diversification benefits.

2. Liquidity Concerns

Traditional 401(k) plans are designed around daily liquidity — meaning participants can buy or sell their investments at any time. Many alternatives, such as private equity or real estate funds, do not offer daily redemptions.

Rather than figuring out how to structure liquidity properly, many employers simply avoided alternatives altogether.

3. Complexity and Transparency

Alternatives can be harder to explain, harder to value, and harder to benchmark than stocks and bonds. This made fiduciaries uncomfortable, even though complexity alone does not make an investment imprudent.

As a result, most workers were left with portfolios dominated by public markets — even though a well-diversified institutional portfolio typically includes meaningful exposure to private assets.

What Is a Solo 401(k) — and Why It Matters?

A Solo 401(k) is an employer-sponsored retirement plan for business owners with no full-time employees (other than a spouse). Like any 401(k), it is governed by ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code.

However, unlike traditional workplace plans, the business owner is both the employer and the participant — meaning there is no third-party fiduciary risk from other employees.

This structure has allowed Solo 401(k) investors to take full advantage of ERISA’s original intent: broad investment freedom, including alternatives.

Since 1974, Solo 401(k) plans have been legally permitted to invest in:

  • Residential and commercial real estate
  • Private businesses
  • Venture capital and startups
  • Private credit and hard-money lending
  • Precious metals
  • Cryptocurrency
  • Oil and gas
  • Syndications and private funds

Millions of entrepreneurs, physicians, attorneys, real estate investors, and professionals have used Solo 401(k)s to build diversified portfolios far beyond stocks and bonds.

In many ways, the Solo 401(k) has served as a real-world proof point that alternatives can work inside retirement accounts — safely, legally, and effectively.

Why Solo 401(k)s Embraced Alts — and Employer Plans Did Not

The contrast between Solo 401(k)s and employer-sponsored 401(k)s is striking.

Solo 401(k)s embraced alternatives because:

  • There is no multi-participant fiduciary risk.
  • The account owner controls investment decisions.
  • There are fewer administrative constraints.
  • Investors often have specialized knowledge (e.g., real estate or private equity).

Employer-sponsored 401(k)s avoided alternatives because:

  • Employers feared being sued.
  • Daily liquidity expectations made structuring private assets difficult.
  • Plan administrators preferred standardized mutual funds.
  • Regulatory guidance was unclear or discouraging.

In other words, it was not that alternatives were illegal or inappropriate — it was that the fiduciary framework created perverse incentives to stick with traditional assets, even if that meant worse diversification for workers.

Why Alternatives Should Be in 401(k)s

1. Better Diversification

Public markets tend to move together in times of crisis. Alternatives — particularly real estate and private credit — often behave differently, reducing overall portfolio volatility.

2. Potential for Higher Returns

Many institutional investors allocate 20–40% of their portfolios to alternatives precisely because they believe these assets can generate superior long-term returns.

Excluding them from 401(k)s means ordinary workers miss out on a major source of wealth creation.

3. Inflation Protection

Assets like real estate, commodities, and infrastructure can serve as hedges against inflation — something that has become increasingly important in recent years.

4. Alignment with the Real Economy

Alternatives often invest in tangible assets, small businesses, and infrastructure projects that directly contribute to economic growth — not just stock market speculation.

How IRA Financial Has Helped Tens of Thousands of Investors Use 401(k) Assets for Alternatives

For nearly two decades, IRA Financial has been at the forefront of helping investors use retirement funds — including Solo 401(k)s — to access alternative investments.

With over 27,000+ clients and $5+ billion in assets, IRA Financial has built a platform that allows investors to:

  • Set up self-directed Solo 401(k)s
  • Invest in real estate, private equity, crypto, and more
  • Maintain full IRS compliance
  • Handle annual reporting and tax filings
  • Avoid prohibited transactions
  • Structure deals properly within retirement accounts

Unlike traditional custodians that limit investors to stocks and mutual funds, IRA Financial has enabled true investment freedom within the boundaries of the tax code.

In many ways, IRA Financial’s experience proves that alternatives can thrive inside retirement accounts when done correctly.

Why IRA Financial Is Uniquely Positioned for This Moment

As the DOL moves toward a more open approach to alternatives in 401(k)s, IRA Financial stands out for several reasons:

  • Deep expertise in ERISA and tax law — founded and led by Adam Bergman, a tax attorney with extensive experience in retirement planning.
  • Proven track record with alternatives — long before they were fashionable.
  • Flat-fee pricing model — avoiding asset-based fees that penalize growth.
  • Comprehensive compliance support — reducing audit risk for investors.
  • One-stop platform for retirement and alternatives — covering everything from real estate to crypto.

As employer-sponsored 401(k)s begin to embrace alternatives, IRA Financial’s leadership in the Solo 401(k) space provides a roadmap for how this transition can happen responsibly.

Final Thoughts

The debate over alternatives in 401(k)s is not really about whether they are legal — they always have been. It is about whether public policy will finally align with economic reality.

The Trump Executive Order and the DOL’s proposed fiduciary rule suggest that policymakers are ready to modernize retirement investing rather than cling to outdated assumptions.

Meanwhile, Solo 401(k) plans demonstrate that alternatives can coexist with ERISA protections and strong compliance — when structured properly.

As this shift unfolds, IRA Financial will continue to lead the way, helping investors harness the full power of their retirement savings — whether through Solo 401(k)s today or expanded workplace plans tomorrow.


LLC annual report

LLC Annual Report Fees for Self-Directed IRA LLC – Checkbook Control

Self-Directed IRA LLC Checkbook Control Annual Report Fees

Self-Directed IRA LLCs give investors greater control and flexibility over their retirement investments, but that flexibility also comes with ongoing administrative responsibilities. One of the most commonly overlooked obligations is the LLC annual report requirement, along with the state-level fees associated with maintaining an LLC. These LLC annual report and franchise-type fees vary widely by state and, when missed or misunderstood, can lead to penalties, loss of good standing, or even administrative dissolution of the LLC.

Understanding when these filings are due, how much is owed, and which state agency is responsible is essential to keeping a Self-Directed IRA LLC compliant and preserving the tax-advantaged status of the retirement account.

IRA Financial Self-Directed IRA LLC Filing & Compliance Service

To help clients stay compliant and avoid missed filings or penalties, IRA Financial offers a dedicated IRA LLC Filing and Compliance Service. This service is designed specifically for Self-Directed IRA LLC structures and handles key administrative responsibilities, including state LLC annual or biennial report filings, required IRA LLC tax reporting, ongoing record-keeping, and annual IRA LLC bank account reporting.

By centralizing these compliance tasks, the service helps ensure the IRA LLC remains in good standing with both state authorities and IRS requirements, while reducing the administrative burden on the IRA owner. For investors using checkbook control, this type of ongoing oversight is especially important to preserve the tax-advantaged status of the IRA and maintain proper separation between personal and retirement assets.

Self-Directed IRA LLC Annual Report Fees by State

Alabama

Tel: 334-242-5324

Alabama imposes an annual Business Privilege Tax (BPT) on LLCs. In general, the BPT calculates the total amount of income that passes through the LLC members. Also, there is a $100 minimum tax. The tax is paid to the Department of Revenue (DOR). The Business Privilege Tax return for pass-through entities like LLCs includes an Annual Report form (Form AL-CAR).

Except for the initial return, BPT returns are due no later than three and a half months after the beginning of the LLC’s tax year.

Alaska

Tel: 907-465-2530

All new domestic limited liability companies must file an initial report within six months of formation. There is no fee. Alaska LLCs must also file a Biennial Report every two years. The fee is $100, or $137.50 if filed late.

Arizona

Tel: 602-542-3026

An Arizona Limited Liability Company has no annual report filing requirement.

Arkansas

Tel: 888-233-0325

Arkansas LLCs must pay a minimum $150 franchise tax annually and file online with the Secretary of State.

California

Tel: 916-657-5448

California LLCs must file a Biennial Report and pay an $800 annual tax. Additional LLC fees may apply based on income, ranging from $900 to $11,790. Statements of Information must be filed every two years with a $20 fee.

Colorado

Tel: 303-894-2200

Colorado LLCs must file an Annual Report during the anniversary month. The fee is $25.

Connecticut

Tel: 860-509-6002

Connecticut LLCs must file an Annual Report by March 31. The filing fee is $80.

Delaware

Tel: 302-739-3073

Delaware does not require an annual report, but all LLCs must pay a $300 annual tax.

District of Columbia

Tel: 202-442-4411

District of Columbia LLCs must file a Biennial Report every two years. The filing fee is $300.

Florida

Tel: 850-245-6052

Florida LLCs must file an Annual Report by May 1. The fee is $138.75. Late filings incur a $400 penalty.

Georgia

Tel: 404-656-2817

Georgia LLCs must file an Annual Registration by March 1. The filing fee is $50.

Hawaii

Tel: 808-586-2744

Hawaii LLCs must file an Annual Report online. The filing fee is $15.

Idaho

Tel: 208-334-2301

Idaho LLCs must file an Annual Report by their anniversary date. There is no filing fee.

Illinois

Tel: 217-782-6961

Illinois LLCs must file an Annual Report. The fee is $75, with a $300 late penalty after 60 days.

Indiana

Tel: 317-232-6576

Indiana LLCs must file a Biennial Report during the anniversary month. Fees range from $32 to $50.

Iowa

Tel: 515-281-5204

Iowa LLCs must file a Biennial Report every two years. The fee is $60.

Kansas

Tel: 785-296-4564

Kansas LLCs must file an Annual Report. The fee is $50 online or $55 by mail.

Kentucky

Tel: 502-564-2848

Kentucky LLCs must file an Annual Report. The filing fee is $15.

Louisiana

Tel: 225-925-4704

Louisiana LLCs must file an Annual Report by the anniversary date. The fee is $30.

Maine

Tel: 207-626-8400

Maine LLCs must file an Annual Report by June 1. The fee is $85 for domestic LLCs.

Maryland

Tel: 410-767-1340

Maryland LLCs must file an Annual Report and Personal Property Return. The fee is $300.

Massachusetts

Tel: 617-727-9640

Massachusetts LLCs must file an Annual Report. The filing fee is $500.

Michigan

Tel: 888-767-6424

Michigan LLCs must file an Annual Report by February 15. The fee is $25.

Minnesota

Tel: 651-296-2803

Minnesota does not charge an annual report fee.

Mississippi

Tel: 601-359-1633

Mississippi LLCs must file an Annual Report by March 15. There is no filing fee.

Missouri

Tel: 573-751-4153

Missouri does not require an annual report.

Montana

Tel: 406-444-3665

Montana LLCs must file an Annual Report between January 1 and March 15. The fee is $20.

Nebraska

Tel: 402-471-4079

Nebraska LLCs must file a Biennial Report in odd-numbered years. The fee is $25.

Nevada

Tel: 775-684-5708

Nevada LLCs must file an Annual Report and pay a $200 business license fee plus a $150 statement of information fee.

New Hampshire

Tel: 603-271-3244

New Hampshire LLCs must file an Annual Report by March 15. The fee is $100.

New Jersey

Tel: 609-292-9292

New Jersey LLCs must file an Annual Report. The filing fee is $75.

New Mexico

Tel: 505-827-4508

New Mexico does not require an annual report.

New York

Tel: 518-473-2492

New York imposes an annual filing fee ranging from $25 to $4,500 based on income. Biennial statements must also be filed.

North Carolina

Tel: 919-807-2225

North Carolina LLCs must file an Annual Report by April 15. The fee is $200.

North Dakota

Tel: 701-328-4284

North Dakota LLCs must file an Annual Report by November 15. The fee is $50.

Ohio

Tel: 614-466-3910

Ohio does not require an annual report.

Oklahoma

Tel: 405-521-3912

Oklahoma LLCs must file an Annual Report. The filing fee is $25.

Oregon

Tel: 503-986-2200

Oregon LLCs must file an Annual Report. The fee is $100.

Pennsylvania

Tel: 717-787-1057

Pennsylvania requires a decennial filing. The fee is $70.

Rhode Island

Tel: 401-222-3040

Rhode Island LLCs must file an Annual Report. The fee is $50.

South Carolina

Tel: 803-734-2158

South Carolina does not require an annual report.

South Dakota

Tel: 605-773-4845

South Dakota LLCs must file an Annual Report. The fee is $50.

Tennessee

Tel: 615-741-2286

Tennessee LLCs must file an Annual Report and pay franchise taxes. Minimum fee is $300.

Texas

Tel: 512-463-5555

Texas does not require an annual report, but most LLCs must file a franchise tax report.

Utah

Tel: 801-530-4849

Utah LLCs must file an Annual Report. The fee is $20.

Vermont

Tel: 802-828-2386

Vermont LLCs must file an Annual Report. The fee is $35.

Virginia

Tel: 804-371-9733

Virginia LLCs must pay an annual registration fee of $50.

Washington

Tel: 360-725-0377

Washington LLCs must file an Annual Report. The fee is $70.

West Virginia

Tel: 304-558-8000

West Virginia LLCs must file an Annual Report by March 15. The fee is $25.

Wisconsin

Tel: 608-261-7577

Wisconsin LLCs must file an Annual Report by March 15. The fee is $25.

Wyoming

Tel: 307-777-7311

Wyoming LLCs must file an Annual Report and pay a minimum $60 annual license tax.

Final Thoughts

A Self-Directed IRA LLC can be an incredibly powerful tool for investors who want greater control, flexibility, and speed when investing retirement funds into real estate, private equity, private lending, and other alternative assets.

That flexibility, however, comes with responsibility. Maintaining a Self-Directed IRA LLC requires ongoing attention to state filing requirements, proper record-keeping, accurate bank account reporting, and timely compliance with both state and IRS rules.

This is where IRA Financial’s annual LLC filing and compliance service adds lasting value by reducing administrative burden and compliance risk.


Solo 401(k) Plan Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Rules Updated for SECURE Act 2.0

Understanding required minimum distributions, or RMDs, for your Solo 401(k) is essential. That is especially true now that SECURE Act 2.0 has changed when distributions begin and how beneficiaries are treated. RMDs are a critical part of retirement tax planning, and mistakes can lead to serious penalties.

In this article, I will walk you through:

  • When you must begin taking RMDs
  • How the rules differ for spousal and non-spousal beneficiaries
  • How Solo 401(k) RMD rules compare to IRA rules
  • Why working with the right expert matters

What Are RMDs and When Do They Start?

An RMD is the minimum amount the IRS requires you to withdraw each year from most tax-deferred retirement accounts once you reach a certain age. The idea is simple. The government gave you tax deferral for years. At some point, it wants that money to become taxable income.

RMD Starting Age Under SECURE Act 2.0

SECURE Act 2.0 made important changes to the RMD age:

  • The RMD age increased from 72 to 73 beginning January 1, 2023 for individuals reaching age 72 after 2022.
  • The RMD age will increase again to 75 in 2033.

Your first RMD must generally be taken by April 1 of the year following the year you reach your applicable RMD age.

After that, each annual RMD must be taken by December 31.

Timing matters here. Delaying your first RMD until April 1 could mean taking two distributions in the same tax year, which may increase your taxable income.

Does a Solo 401(k) Have RMDs?

Yes. Like any other 401(k) plan, a Solo 401(k) is subject to RMD rules once the owner reaches the applicable age.

This applies to pre-tax funds. But there is a major change when it comes to Roth accounts.

RMDs for Roth Solo 401(k) Plans

One of the most important SECURE Act 2.0 updates involves Roth Solo 401(k) accounts.

Roth Solo 401(k) accounts are no longer subject to RMDs during the participant’s lifetime. Beginning in 2024, designated Roth accounts in employer plans are treated the same as Roth IRAs for RMD purposes.

Why this matters is simple. In the past, Roth 401(k) plans required RMDs even though Roth IRAs did not. That inconsistency created unnecessary planning issues. That difference is now gone. For Roth Solo 401(k) holders, this is a major planning win.

Solo 401(k) RMDs vs. IRA RMDs

Here is a side-by-side comparison:

RMD Required (Pre-Tax)
Solo 401(k): Yes
Traditional IRA: Yes

RMD Required (Roth Account)
Solo 401(k): No under SECURE Act 2.0
Roth IRA: No

Still Working Exception
Solo 401(k): Typically no for the owner
IRA: Not applicable

First RMD Age
Solo 401(k): Age 73, gradually increasing to 75
Traditional IRA: Age 73, gradually increasing to 75

One key difference involves the still-working exception. Some large employer 401(k) plans allow employees to delay RMDs if they are still working. That exception generally doesn't apply to Solo 401(k) plans because the owner is both the employer and the participant. As a result, many Solo 401(k) owners must begin RMDs even if they are still actively working.

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  • Review your self-directed retirement options
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Spousal Beneficiaries: RMD Options After the Owner’s Death

If a spouse inherits a Solo 401(k), they have significantly more flexibility than a non-spouse beneficiary.

Spousal RMD Rules

A surviving spouse may:

Treat the account as their own
They can delay RMDs until they reach their own RMD age and base future RMDs on their life expectancy.

Remain a beneficiary and take inherited distributions
Under SECURE Act 2.0, a surviving spouse can elect to use the Uniform Lifetime Table, based on their age, to calculate RMDs rather than the more restrictive Single Life Expectancy Table. This can reduce the required annual distribution amount.

Roll the account into their own IRA or Solo 401(k)
If eligible, this can simplify long-term RMD planning and provide greater control.

The key takeaway is that spouses are not subject to the 10-year rule that applies to most non-spousal beneficiaries. That creates valuable planning flexibility.

Non-Spousal Beneficiaries: Inherited RMD Rules

For non-spouse beneficiaries such as adult children, siblings, or certain trusts, the rules are more restrictive.

SECURE Act 2.0 Framework

After the death of a Solo 401(k) owner:

  • Most non-spouse beneficiaries must withdraw the entire account by the end of the 10th calendar year following the year of death. This is known as the 10-year rule.

Under final IRS guidance, if the original account holder had already begun taking RMDs, most beneficiaries must also take annual RMDs during the 10-year period. They cannot simply wait until year 10 and withdraw everything at once.

Eligible Designated Beneficiaries

There are exceptions. Certain beneficiaries may still use life expectancy based annual distributions instead of the 10-year rule. These include:

  • Minor children, until reaching the age of majority
  • Disabled individuals
  • Chronically ill individuals
  • Beneficiaries not more than 10 years younger than the decedent

These exceptions align with the rules that apply to other qualified retirement plans.

Avoiding Penalties

Failing to take your RMD can result in a significant penalty. SECURE Act 2.0 reduced the penalty structure, but it's still substantial:

  • The penalty was reduced from 50 percent to 25 percent of the amount not withdrawn.
  • It can be reduced further to 10 percent if corrected in a timely manner under certain IRS procedures.

Even with the reduction, the cost of getting it wrong is high. Accurate calculation and timely distribution are critical. Solo 401(k) owners don't have a large corporate plan administrator handling compliance. The responsibility ultimately falls on you.

Why IRA Financial: Solo 401(k) Experts

Calculating RMDs, understanding beneficiary elections, and staying compliant with SECURE Act 2.0 is not always straightforward. This is where experience makes all the difference.

IRA Financial is not just another retirement plan provider. We have been at the forefront of the Solo 401(k) space for years.

Founded by Adam Bergman, Esq., a tax attorney, CPA, and nationally recognized authority on retirement plans, IRA Financial has literally written the book on Solo 401(k) strategies and compliance. I have worked with our in-house team to help thousands of Solo 401(k) owners understand and properly satisfy complex distribution rules with confidence.

The IRA Financial Compliance Shield™

RMDs are one of the most common compliance challenges for Solo 401(k) owners. That is why we developed the IRA Financial Compliance Shield™.

Our Compliance Shield™ provides:

  • Proactive reminders of RMD deadlines
  • Guidance on spousal elections and beneficiary options
  • Expert RMD calculation support
  • Ongoing updates regarding SECURE Act and IRS changes
  • Live access to retirement tax specialists

With the Compliance Shield™, you eliminate guesswork and significantly reduce the risk of costly penalties.

Final Takeaway

The Solo 401(k) remains one of the most powerful retirement savings tools available to business owners. With that power comes complexity. SECURE Act 2.0 modernized the rules, changed the RMD age, eliminated lifetime RMDs for Roth Solo 401(k) accounts, and clarified beneficiary distribution requirements.

Understanding how these rules apply to you is essential to protecting and preserving your retirement wealth.

If you want guidance navigating RMDs, maximizing flexibility, and minimizing tax and compliance risk, IRA Financial is here to help you every step of the way.


Mega Backdoor Roth for the Self-Employed

Mega Backdoor Roth for the Self-Employed: A Step-by-Step Guide Using the Solo 401(k)

The Mega Backdoor Roth is a fantastic retirement savings strategy, especially for self-employed folks looking to maximize their tax-advantaged contributions. This innovative approach lets self-employed workers significantly boost their retirement savings while taking advantage of the unique flexibility offered by a Solo 401(k). Not only can your investments grow tax-free, but you can also contribute more than traditional limits allow. That means you're setting yourself up for a more secure financial future!

When it comes to retirement planning, a Solo 401(k) comes with some great perks for the self-employed. With higher contribution limits than many traditional accounts, this plan opens the door to creative strategies like the Mega Backdoor Roth. It’s particularly useful for solopreneurs who want to ensure a financially sound retirement.

Key Takeaways

  • Using a Solo 401(k) enables after-tax contributions and Roth conversions, maximizing long-term retirement savings flexibility.
  • The Mega Backdoor Roth allows self-employed individuals to contribute up to $72,000 annually toward tax-free retirement growth.
  • Unlike standard Roth IRAs, this strategy has no income limits—making it accessible for high-earning entrepreneurs.

What’s the Mega Backdoor Roth?

Think of the Mega Backdoor Roth as a special path for high-income earners to contribute to a Roth account by making after-tax contributions within a Solo 401(k). Unlike standard Roth IRAs, which come with income limits on contributions, this strategy lets you make substantial after-tax contributions that can be converted to Roth accounts. For 2026, you can contribute up to a whopping $72,000 (plus catch-up contributions) to a Mega Backdoor Roth, giving your retirement savings a serious boost beyond the usual methods.

To make this strategy work for you, you'll need to set up a Solo 401(k) that allows after-tax contributions. It’s helpful to understand how this mechanism functions and what the contribution limits are, especially if you’re eager to enhance your retirement portfolio.

Why Do Self-Employed Individuals Need a Different Strategy?

Small business owner - couple
Self-employed individuals face a few unique hurdles when it comes to retirement planning

Self-employed individuals face a few unique hurdles when it comes to retirement planning, like inconsistent income and limited access to employer-sponsored retirement benefits. Traditional retirement plans often fall short in addressing these specific situations because they usually lack the flexibility needed for managing contributions as income fluctuates.

That’s where a tailored strategy becomes essential. The Mega Backdoor Roth effectively fills this gap, allowing self-employed individuals to contribute significantly while also enjoying the tax advantages of Roth IRAs. This makes it a vital component of any retirement plan aimed at achieving long-term financial stability.

Benefits of the Mega Backdoor Roth

The Mega Backdoor Roth comes with several appealing benefits for self-employed individuals:

  • Higher Contribution Limits: Compared to traditional retirement accounts, this strategy lets you make significantly larger contributions, helping you grow your retirement savings more quickly. For 2026, the combined employee and employer contribution limit can reach up to $72,000, or $80,000 if you’re age 50 or older (or $83,250 between the ages of 60 and 63) and eligible for catch-up contributions, giving you even more room for long-term growth.
  • No Income Limits: Unlike standard Roth IRAs, there are no income restrictions that might prevent higher earners from using this strategy. You can fully capitalize on the benefits without worrying about your income level; contributions made via the Mega Backdoor Roth are not subject to income limits that typically apply to standard Roth IRA contributions.
  • Tax-Free Growth: The potential for tax-free growth on your investments in a Roth account makes the Mega Backdoor Roth even more appealing, especially for those planning long-term financial independence.

If you’re self-employed and looking into retirement options, recognizing these benefits is key to securing your financial future and getting the most out of your savings.

How the Solo 401(k) Makes the Mega Backdoor Roth Possible

The Solo 401(k) is the key to unlocking the Mega Backdoor Roth strategy. Unlike traditional retirement accounts, a Solo 401(k) gives self-employed individuals the flexibility to make after-tax contributions in addition to standard employee deferrals and employer profit-sharing contributions. This unique plan structure is what makes large-scale Roth conversions possible.

Here’s how it works: as the plan owner, you wear two hats - employee and employer. As an employee, you can make elective deferrals of up to $24,500 for 2026 (or $32,500 if you’re age 50 or older). As the employer, you can contribute up to 25% of your compensation as a profit-sharing contribution. Once those contributions are made, you can add after-tax, non-Roth contributions to reach the total annual limit of $72,000 for 2026 (or $77,500 or $81,250 with catch-up).

These after-tax dollars are what enable the Mega Backdoor strategy. You can then convert those funds to a Roth 401(k) within the plan or roll them over to a Roth IRA, allowing future growth and qualified withdrawals to remain completely tax-free.

Without a Solo 401(k) that supports after-tax contributions and in-plan Roth conversions, the Mega Backdoor Roth simply isn’t possible. Choosing a plan that offers this flexibility is the critical first step for self-employed individuals looking to maximize tax-advantaged retirement savings.

Once your plan is in place, it’s time to put the strategy into action. The process involves several key steps—from setting up your Solo 401(k) correctly to converting after-tax contributions into Roth funds. Each step builds on the last, helping you make the most of your retirement plan while staying fully compliant with IRS rules.

Book a free call with a self-directed retirement specialist

  • Review your self-directed retirement options
  • Learn about investing in alternative assets
  • Get all of your questions answered

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Your Step-by-Step Guide to the Mega Backdoor Roth with a Solo 401(k)

Step 1: Set Up a Solo 401(k) That Allows After-Tax Contributions

Start by selecting a Solo 401(k) provider that explicitly supports after-tax contributions and Roth conversions, such as IRA Financial. Not all plans offer this flexibility, so review plan documents carefully. Look for a provider with a user-friendly online platform and responsive support services to guide you through the setup and contribution process. Getting your plan structure right from the beginning ensures smooth conversions later on.

Step 2: Max Out Employee and Employer Contributions

Once your Solo 401(k) is established, make the most of your contribution opportunities. As the employee, you can defer up to $24,500 (or $32,500 if age 50+) in 2026. As the employer, you can contribute up to 25% of your net compensation. This dual contribution approach allows you to build significant retirement savings faster than traditional account limits permit.

Step 3: Make Additional After-Tax Contributions

After reaching your employee and employer limits, you can contribute additional after-tax funds to reach the overall annual cap. These after-tax contributions are the foundation of the Mega Backdoor Roth and should be tracked carefully to stay compliant with IRS contribution limits.

Step 4: Convert After-Tax Contributions to Roth

Once your after-tax contributions are made, it’s time to convert them. You can either complete an in-plan Roth conversion, which moves the funds directly into the Roth portion of your Solo 401(k), or roll them over to a Roth IRA. The best choice depends on your long-term strategy, but both options preserve tax-free growth potential.

Step 5: Track Limits, Forms, and Deadlines

Finally, stay on top of IRS reporting and compliance. Keep accurate records of your contributions, conversions, and plan balances. Forms such as 1099-R may be required when you perform a rollover or Roth conversion. Maintaining organized documentation ensures compliance and prevents unnecessary tax penalties.

self employed solo 401(k)
By leveraging a Solo 401(k) to execute the Mega Backdoor Roth, self-employed individuals can take control of their retirement strategy and unlock powerful tax advantages.

By leveraging a Solo 401(k) to execute the Mega Backdoor Roth, self-employed individuals can take control of their retirement strategy and unlock powerful tax advantages. With the right plan design and consistent attention to contribution rules, this approach can dramatically expand your savings potential and accelerate your path toward financial freedom.

Even with these advantages, many investors still misunderstand how the Mega Backdoor Roth works or assume it’s only suited for high earners. Let’s clear up some of the most common misconceptions so you can make informed, confident decisions about your retirement planning.

Common Misconceptions About the Mega Backdoor Roth

There are plenty of misunderstandings about the Mega Backdoor Roth strategy, especially around who can take advantage of it. Some folks mistakenly think it’s only for high-income earners or that it comes with tough restrictions like traditional IRAs.

The truth is, the Mega Backdoor Roth is a flexible option that can be accessible to a wider range of self-employed individuals who meet the eligibility criteria. Clearing up these misconceptions allows self-employed workers to make informed decisions about their retirement savings and strategies.

Understanding how the Mega Backdoor Roth works and the eligibility requirements empowers self-employed individuals to confidently navigate their retirement options and take proactive steps towards a brighter financial future.

Potential Tax Implications and Considerations

The Mega Backdoor Roth can really impact your tax situation down the line. Contributions to Roth accounts grow tax-free, and qualified withdrawals won’t be taxed either. This opens the door to smarter tax planning in retirement, helping self-employed workers manage their tax liability better.

Just remember to weigh these benefits against your initial contributions since after-tax contributions might not seem as appealing upfront. But the potential rewards when you retire highlight the long-term benefits of this strategy—and underscore the importance of planning ahead.

Summary

By embracing the Mega Backdoor Roth strategy, self-employed folks can take charge of their financial futures. Understanding the key steps involved and the benefits can lead to a solid retirement plan tailored to meet individual needs and hopes, giving those self-employed individuals a confident grasp on their unique financial landscapes.

Supercharge Your Retirement with a Mega Backdoor Roth Solo 401(k)!

Take your retirement savings to the next level with a Solo 401(k) designed for the Mega Backdoor Roth strategy. At IRA Financial, we help entrepreneurs, consultants, and small business owners unlock the power of after-tax contributions, maximize tax-free growth, and stay fully compliant with IRS rules, so you can grow your wealth faster and retire on your terms.

 Schedule a Free Consultation
Open Your Solo 401(k) Account Today.


Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Mega Backdoor Roth strategy?

The Mega Backdoor Roth strategy lets people make large after-tax contributions into a Solo 401(k), which can then be converted to Roth accounts. This allows for tax-free growth and withdrawals in retirement.

How can self-employed individuals utilize the Mega Backdoor Roth?

Self-employed individuals can maximize their retirement savings by opening a Solo 401(k) that allows after-tax contributions, giving a big boost to their savings potential.

What are the potential risks and rewards of using a Mega Backdoor Roth?

The rewards include substantial tax-free growth and higher contribution limits. However, potential risks might involve common misconceptions and managing contributions effectively.

Top Private Equity Investment Platforms of 2026

Privxate equity has long been one of the most powerful, but least accessible, wealth-building asset classes. In 2026, that is no longer the case. Thanks to modern private equity investment platforms and the rise of self-directed retirexment accounts, accredited and sophisticated investors now have more access, transparency, and control than ever before.

In this listicle, we break down the top private equity investment platforms of 2026, explain why private equity matters, who it’s best suited for, the risks involved, and how investors can gain exposure tax-advantaged through a Self-Directed IRA with IRA Financial.

Why Private Equity Matters in 2026

Private equity (PE) focuses on investing directly in private companies, often before they go public or during major growth, turnaround, or acquisition phases. Historically, some of the strongest-performing companies delivered their biggest gains before ever reaching public markets.

Key reasons private equity continues to attract investors in 2026 include:

  • Access to high-growth private companies
  • Potential for outsized long-term returns
  • Portfolio diversification beyond public equities
  • Reduced correlation to public market volatility
  • Control and transparency compared to public funds

As public markets become more efficient and competitive, many investors are turning to private equity for return potential that simply isn’t available through traditional stocks and bonds.

What Is Private Equity Investing?

Private equity investing involves purchasing ownership stakes in privately held businesses. These investments are typically illiquid and long-term, with capital committed for several years.

Common private equity strategies include:

  • Growth equity
  • Buyouts
  • Venture capital
  • Distressed or turnaround investments
  • Private credit and special situations

Private equity investments are often accessed through funds, SPVs (special purpose vehicles), or direct deals, many of which can be held inside a Self-Directed IRA when structured properly.

https://youtu.be/NAPsafsTyrc

Top Private Equity Investment Platforms of 2026

Listed in no particular order:

1. Moonfare

Moonfare has become one of the most respected private equity access platforms globally, offering curated exposure to top-tier PE funds that were once reserved for institutional investors.

  • Why it stands out in 2026:

    • Access to elite PE fund managers
    • Institutional-grade due diligence
    • Structured feeder funds
    • Strong reputation and global reach

  • Investor requirements: Accredited investors
  • IRA compatibility: Yes, with a Self-Directed IRA through IRA Financial

2. iCapital

iCapital serves as a technology and access platform connecting investors to alternative investments, including private equity, private credit, and hedge funds.

  • Why it stands out in 2026:

    • Large marketplace of private equity offerings
    • Institutional infrastructure and reporting
    • Strong compliance and education tools
    • Widely used by advisors and family offices

  • Investor requirements: Accredited investors (often advisor-led)
  • IRA compatibility: Yes, when invested through a Self-Directed IRA

3. Yieldstreet

Originally known for private credit, Yieldstreet has expanded significantly into private equity and growth investments.

  • Why it stands out in 2026:

    • Mix of private equity, venture, and alternatives
    • Lower minimums compared to traditional PE funds
    • Streamlined online investing experience
    • Strong performance track record across asset classes

  • Investor requirements: Accredited investors
  • IRA compatibility: Yes, via a Self-Directed IRA with IRA Financial

4. Forge Global

Forge specializes in private company shares and late-stage private equity, particularly in pre-IPO companies.

  • Why it stands out in 2026:

    • Access to mature private companies
    • Secondary market liquidity options
    • Strong institutional participation
    • Transparent pricing and execution

  • Investor requirements: Accredited investors
  • IRA compatibility: Yes, when structured correctly inside a Self-Directed IRA

5. EquityZen

EquityZen focuses on providing access to private equity opportunities in well-known private companies before they go public.

  • Why it stands out in 2026:

    • Pre-IPO private equity exposure
    • Strong deal sourcing and vetting
    • User-friendly platform
    • Established reputation in secondary private markets

  • Investor requirements: Accredited investors
  • IRA compatibility: Yes, using a Self-Directed IRA administered by IRA Financial

Who Is Private Equity Best Suited For?

Private equity investing is generally best for investors who:

  • Are accredited or sophisticated investors
  • Have a long-term investment horizon
  • Can tolerate illiquidity
  • Want diversification beyond public markets
  • Are seeking higher return potential

It can be especially powerful for investors using retirement accounts who want to shelter long-term gains from taxes.

Book a free call with a self-directed retirement specialist

  • Review your self-directed retirement options
  • Learn about investing in alternative assets
  • Get all of your questions answered

Connect with an Expert

Why Invest in Private Equity Through a Self-Directed IRA?

A Self-Directed IRA (SDIRA) allows you to invest in private equity while maintaining the powerful tax advantages of an IRA.

  • Tax-deferred or tax-free growth (Traditional or Roth)
  • Ability to invest in private equity, venture capital, and private funds
  • No capital gains taxes on successful exits inside the IRA
  • Greater control over your retirement capital
  • Portfolio diversification beyond Wall Street

IRA Financial specializes in helping investors use Self-Directed IRAs to invest in private equity while staying fully compliant with IRS rules.

Risks and Considerations of Private Equity Investing

  • Illiquidity (capital may be locked up for years)
  • Limited transparency compared to public markets
  • Deal-specific risk and execution risk
  • Complex tax and compliance considerations
  • Platform and sponsor quality matters

Using an experienced Self-Directed IRA provider like IRA Financial helps reduce administrative and compliance risks when investing retirement funds in private equity.

Final Thoughts: Private Equity + Self-Directed IRAs in 2026

Private equity remains one of the most compelling alternative asset classes in 2026, but access alone isn’t enough. How you invest matters just as much as where you invest.

By combining private equity platforms with a Self-Directed IRA through IRA Financial, investors can pursue higher-growth opportunities while maximizing tax efficiency and long-term compounding.

This article is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment, tax, or legal advice. Any rankings, ratings, or opinions expressed reflect the views of IRA Financial based on internal research, listed criteria, and publicly available data at the time of publication. Rankings are subjective and may not be suitable for all investors. Readers should independently evaluate all options and consult with qualified advisors prior to making financial decisions.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can I invest in private equity with an IRA?

Yes. With a Self-Directed IRA, you can invest in private equity platforms, funds, and direct deals.

Do private equity gains inside an IRA get taxed?

Gains grow tax-deferred in a Traditional SDIRA or tax-free in a Roth SDIRA, provided IRS rules are followed.

Do I need to be accredited to invest in private equity?

Most private equity platforms require investors to be accredited, though requirements vary by offering.

Can IRA Financial help me invest in these platforms?

Yes. IRA Financial helps investors establish and manage Self-Directed IRAs that can invest in private equity platforms like those listed above.


IRA Financial

How IRA Financial Makes Self-Directed IRAs Simple

Self-directing your retirement account gives you control, flexibility, and access to alternative investments like real estate, private equity, private lending, precious metals, and cryptocurrency. For many investors, though, the idea of self-directing can feel overwhelming because of IRS rules, paperwork, transfers, entity setup, banking, and ongoing compliance.

That’s exactly the problem IRA Financial was built to solve.

At IRA Financial, we’ve re-engineered the entire self-directed IRA experience to make it simple, fast, and fully compliant while still giving you complete control.

1. Simple, Fast Onboarding – Get Started in Minutes

Opening a self-directed IRA shouldn’t take weeks of paperwork.

With IRA Financial, onboarding is straightforward:

  • 100% digital onboarding, typically completed in about 5 minutes
  • Dedicated self-directed retirement specialists available throughout the process
  • Live support by phone, chat, or email before, during, and after setup
  • Step-by-step guidance if you want hands-on help
  • Freedom to complete onboarding independently or with full assisted support

Our streamlined process walks you through account selection, beneficiary setup, and investment structure without confusing forms or unnecessary delays. Whether you’re opening a Traditional IRA, Roth IRA, SEP IRA, SIMPLE IRA, Coverdell ESA, HSA, or a Solo 401(k), the experience is designed to be easy from the first click.

2. We Handle All Transfers and Rollovers for You

Moving retirement funds is one of the biggest friction points for investors and one of the biggest risks if done incorrectly.

IRA Financial handles the entire transfer or rollover process on your behalf, including:

  • IRA-to-IRA transfers
  • 401(k) rollovers from former employers
  • SEP, SIMPLE, and other plan rollovers
  • Roth and non-Roth coordination
  • HSA and Coverdell tax-free transfers

We prepare the paperwork, coordinate with the prior custodian, and track the process from start to finish so your funds move smoothly, safely, and in full compliance with IRS rules.

3. Built-In IRS Investment Rule Guidance

Self-directing doesn’t mean you’re on your own.

IRA Financial provides structured guidance to help ensure your investments comply with IRS rules, including:

  • Avoiding prohibited transactions
  • Understanding disqualified persons
  • Proper titling of investments
  • Correct flow of funds in and out of the IRA

Our platform and team are designed to help investors execute investments correctly the first time, reducing the risk of costly mistakes that could jeopardize the tax-advantaged status of the IRA.

Book a free call with a self-directed retirement specialist

  • Review your self-directed retirement options
  • Learn about investing in alternative assets
  • Get all of your questions answered

Connect with an Expert

4. Full Checkbook Control IRA LLC Setup – Done for You

For investors who want maximum speed and control, IRA Financial offers Checkbook Control Self-Directed IRA LLCs and handles everything.

We take care of:

  • Forming the IRA-owned LLC
  • Obtaining the EIN
  • Custom-drafting the LLC operating agreement to meet IRS requirements
  • Ensuring the IRA is the sole member and properly reflected in all documents

Integrated IRA LLC Banking

We also simplify banking, a step many providers leave entirely to the client.

IRA Financial works directly with trusted bank partners, including:

We assist with opening the IRA LLC bank account, processing the checkbook, issuing a debit card for the IRA LLC, and getting direct access to your IRA LLC bank account

This means faster funding, cleaner record-keeping, and a true checkbook-control experience without the usual headaches.

5. Ongoing IRS Reporting, Tax Filing, and Compliance – Handled

Self-directing doesn’t stop once the investment is made. Ongoing compliance is critical and often overlooked.

IRA Financial provides comprehensive ongoing support, including:

  • Annual IRA and IRA LLC reporting
  • Required IRS filings
  • Assistance with Forms 5498, 1099-R, 990-T (when applicable), and more
  • Ongoing guidance for changes in IRS rules and regulations

The IRA Financial Compliance Shield

Our Compliance Shield is a core differentiator. It’s designed to help protect clients from accidental prohibited transactions, improper documentation, missed filings, and compliance gaps that could trigger IRS scrutiny

With the Compliance Shield, clients gain peace of mind knowing that compliance is not an afterthought but built into the platform.

6. One Company for All Self-Directed Retirement Needs

IRA Financial is truly a one-stop solution for self-directed retirement investing.

We support every major self-directed account type, including:

  • Traditional and Roth Self-Directed IRAs
  • SEP IRAs
  • SIMPLE IRAs
  • Coverdell Education Savings Accounts
  • Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)
  • Solo 401(k) plans
  • Self-Directed 401(k) plans

From account setup to funding, investment execution, and ongoing IRS compliance, everything is handled under one roof. This eliminates the need for multiple vendors, conflicting advice, or fragmented responsibility.

Final Thought

Self-directing your retirement account shouldn’t feel complex or risky. With the right partner, it becomes a streamlined, empowering way to invest in what you know best while preserving the tax advantages that make retirement accounts so powerful.

With IRA Financial, you don’t just open a self-directed IRA. You gain a partner for life-cycle retirement compliance from day one through every investment you make.


Five Years Later: The McNulty v. Commissioner Case Reaffirms Physical Possession Rules

More than five years after McNulty v. Commissioner, the decision remains one of the most important U.S. Tax Court rulings interpreting physical possession rules for precious metals and coins under IRC §408, especially for retirement investors using Self-Directed IRAs and IRA LLC structures.

The case reinforced a principle I often emphasize: access is not ownership, and paperwork without proper compliance is not protection. If IRS requirements for control, documentation, and possession are not satisfied, your tax position is vulnerable. Substance matters more than labels.

In this article, I'll:

  • Explain what the McNulty case was about
  • Detail the physical possession rules
  • Clarify how the case applies to self-directed retirement accounts
  • Highlight related developments and best practices
  • Provide practical takeaways for investors in 2026

Summary of the McNulty Case and Its Impact on Precious Metals IRAs

The Case: McNulty v. Commissioner

The case most often cited in connection with precious metals IRAs is McNulty v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo 2021-110. This Tax Court decision directly addressed how physical possession of precious metals is treated under Internal Revenue Code §408(m) when those metals are held in, or purportedly held by, an IRA.

The McNultys attempted to hold gold coins through a Self-Directed IRA LLC, also known as a checkbook control IRA structure. They argued that because the IRA owned the LLC, and the LLC owned the coins, the metals were effectively owned by the IRA, even though the coins were stored at their personal residence.

The IRS disagreed. The Tax Court sided with the IRS.

The Core Issue: Physical Possession Under IRC §408(m)

What IRC §408(m) Says

IRC §408(m) generally prohibits IRAs from investing in “collectibles,” which include:

  • Art
  • Rugs
  • Antiques
  • Gems
  • Stamps
  • Alcoholic beverages
  • Certain coins and metals

However, §408(m)(3) provides a narrow exception allowing IRAs to invest in certain gold, silver, platinum, and palladium coins and bullion, but only if strict requirements are met.

The most important requirement is this: the metals must be in the physical possession of a trustee.

That phrase, physical possession of a trustee, was the focal point of the McNulty case.

What the Taxpayers Did in McNulty

In McNulty:

  • The taxpayers established a Self-Directed IRA
  • The IRA invested in a single-member LLC
  • The LLC purchased American Eagle gold coins, which are otherwise permitted coins under §408(m)
  • The coins were shipped to and stored at the taxpayers’ personal residence

The taxpayers argued that because the IRA owned the LLC, and the LLC owned the coins, the IRA indirectly owned the coins and physical possession by the IRA owner should be sufficient.

The court rejected this argument.

The Tax Court’s Holding

The Tax Court ruled that:

  • Physical possession by the IRA owner, or an IRA-owned LLC, is not the same as physical possession by a trustee.
  • The statute requires that precious metals be held by a bank, federally insured credit union, or other IRS-approved trustee or custodian.
  • Storing coins at the IRA owner’s home, even through an IRA LLC, violates IRC §408(m).

Because the metals were not held by a qualified trustee, the IRA was deemed to have distributed the coins to the taxpayer in the year of purchase.

As a result:

  • The entire value of the coins was treated as a taxable distribution
  • The IRA lost its tax-advantaged treatment with respect to those assets
  • The taxpayer was subject to income tax and penalties, where applicable

Key Takeaway: IRA LLCs Do Not Override §408(m)

One of the most important clarifications from McNulty is that an IRA LLC does not override the physical possession requirement in §408(m).

Even though IRA LLCs are commonly used for:

  • Real estate
  • Private lending
  • Private equity
  • Operating businesses

They cannot be used to:

  • Store precious metals personally
  • Bypass the requirement that metals be held by a qualified trustee or custodian

The court made clear that statutory exceptions must be followed exactly, and §408(m) is explicit.

Why Certain Coins Still Failed in McNulty

A critical point that is often misunderstood:

The coins at issue, American Eagle coins, are otherwise permitted investments. The problem was not the type of coin. The problem was where and how they were held.

In other words, permitted metals plus improper possession equals prohibited investment.

That distinction is crucial for Self-Directed IRA investors.

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How McNulty Applies to Precious Metals IRAs Today

What Is Allowed

An IRA may invest in certain IRS-approved bullion and coins, such as American Gold Eagles, American Silver Eagles, and certain bars, but only if the metals are:

  • Purchased by the IRA
  • Titled in the name of the IRA
  • Held in the physical possession of an approved trustee or custodian
  • Stored at an IRS-approved depository

What Is Not Allowed

After McNulty, it's clear that an IRA may not:

  • Store precious metals at the IRA owner’s home
  • Store metals in a personal safe or safe-deposit box
  • Use an IRA LLC to checkbook control metals at home
  • Argue that constructive or indirect possession satisfies §408(m)

Why the Court Rejected Constructive Possession Arguments

The taxpayers argued that because they controlled the IRA and the LLC, they had constructive possession on behalf of the IRA.

The court rejected this reasoning, emphasizing that Congress intentionally used the phrase physical possession of a trustee. Constructive possession is not sufficient. Allowing home storage would defeat the statutory safeguard against abuse.

The court’s reasoning aligns with the IRS’s long-standing position on metals IRAs.

Why McNulty Still Matters Today (2026)

More than five years later, McNulty remains highly relevant for several reasons.

1. Reinforces the Importance of Documentation

McNulty is a reminder that the IRS cares about substance over form. The Tax Court rejected the taxpayer’s positions because he lacked clear evidence of ownership, key documents were missing or ambiguous, and proof of control was insufficient.

When you use a self-directed retirement account, documentation is not optional. It's foundational, especially for alternative assets.

2. Highlights the Risks of Improper Titling

The case illustrates that failure to properly title assets, or to prove that they were properly titled, can significantly weaken your tax position. This is especially important for investments held through entities, LLCs, trusts, or private arrangements.

3. Applies to Alternative Assets

McNulty’s principles apply with particular force to alternative investments such as real estate, private notes, partnerships, and investment funds because these assets do not have centralized custodians or standard clearinghouses the way stocks and bonds do.

For alternative assets, the first thing the IRS will ask for is clear chain of title, proper contractual documentation, and proof of control that reflects retirement account ownership. If the documentation is not airtight, the IRS can and will challenge it.

McNulty and Self-Directed IRAs: A Practical Example

Imagine a self-directed IRA that invests in a private note issued by a real estate company. The investor believes the note is owned by the IRA and that interest payments have accrued tax-free inside the IRA.

If documentation is weak, here is how McNulty principles could come into play:

  • If the note’s assignment was not properly executed in the name of the Self-Directed IRA
  • If the custodian never received or retained the original note or assignment
  • If there is no clear chain showing when and how the note was transferred
  • If copies sit unsigned or lack corroborating records

The IRS could argue that the IRA never truly owned the note, that the interest was not earned by the IRA, and that tax-free treatment is not justified.

Even if the position is honestly stated, the IRS ultimately cares about proof, not intention.

Documentation Best Practices in a Post-McNulty World

Following McNulty, the standard for documentation has only become more exacting. For self-directed investors, best practices include:

Proper Titling
Make sure investments are titled in the name of the retirement account, not an individual’s name. This creates the unbroken record the IRS expects.

Custodial Acknowledgement
When your custodian receives investment documents, confirmations, or assignments, ensure they are reviewed, logged into the account records, and retained in your organized digital repository.

Clear Chain of Assignment
If you acquire private investments such as notes, partnerships, or structured settlements, maintain original assignments, documented purchase agreements, and transfer records with dates and titles spelled out explicitly.

Consistent Recordkeeping
Scan and store all investment documents, all custodian correspondence, and all executed agreements. Use cloud backups and indexed systems so nothing is lost.

Documentation is not about paperwork. It's about proof.

Why This Matters for Self-Directed IRA and Solo 401(k) Investors

Many investors choose self-directed retirement accounts for greater control and broader investment options. That control comes with responsibility. You must ensure that investments are properly documented, confirm that titles and assignments align with plan ownership, coordinate closely with custodians or administrators, and retain proof at every step.

McNulty is a cautionary tale about what happens when documentation gaps exist, even for well-intentioned investors.

IRA Financial: Helping Investors Stay Ahead of McNulty-Style Risks

At IRA Financial, we have seen how documentation gaps lead to costly disputes, confusion, and audit headaches. We help investors establish retirement accounts that support alternative assets, structure investments properly with accurate titling, collect and maintain thorough documentation, coordinate with custodians and administrators, and implement systems that anticipate IRS scrutiny.

Our team operates on a simple principle: if it's not documented, it did not happen, at least not for tax purposes.

This means more than setting up an account. It means helping you build a verifiable record that stands up to the IRS’s highest standards.

Final Takeaway: Documentation Is Your Most Valuable Asset

The McNulty v. Commissioner decision provides a clear and lasting reminder that when it comes to precious metals held in a Self-Directed IRA, strict compliance with IRC §408(m) is mandatory. Even otherwise permitted coins and bullion will lose their tax-advantaged status if they are not held in the physical possession of a qualified trustee or custodian.

Five years later, the case continues to underscore that IRA owners cannot use IRA LLC structures or personal storage to bypass the IRS’s custody requirements. Documentation and proper custodial control remain essential to preserving an IRA’s tax benefits.

If you are serious about self-directing your retirement account and doing it in a way that stands up under scrutiny, prioritizing documentation and expert support is essential.


Margin Trading

Margin, Stock Speculation and the Self-Directed IRA

Margin trading and stock speculation have long attracted investors seeking to magnify returns by using borrowed capital, but when leverage enters the retirement account world, the rules change in important and often misunderstood ways. Contrary to popular belief, margin is not outright prohibited inside an IRA, rather it must be structured so that the IRA, and not the individual account holder, bears the obligation, with no personal guarantee or extension of credit to the owner.

When properly implemented, margin or other forms of leverage can exist inside an IRA, but doing so introduces additional tax complexity, including the potential application of Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT) through Unrelated Debt-Financed Income (UDFI). For investors using a Self-Directed IRA, which allows retirement funds to be deployed beyond traditional stocks and mutual funds into a broader universe of investments, understanding how margin, leverage, speculation, and tax exposure intersect is critical to building a compliant and intentional retirement strategy.

Key Points

  • Margin trading allows you to borrow money to invest
  • Stock speculation is at an all time high
  • Be mindful of the prohibited transaction and UBTI rules when using margin in a Self-Directed IRA

That being said, margin trading is a fundamentally risky strategy that can turn a relatively safe stock investment into a high stakes bet. It allows assertive investors to buy more shares than they could otherwise afford. When things go well, these investors make a lot of money. When things go bad, it can get really nasty, really quickly.

What is Margin?

In general, margin stock investing occurs when an investor borrows money to pay for stocks. Typically, the way it works is your brokerage institution lends money to you or your retirement account at relatively low rates. In effect, this gives you more money to buy stocks, or other eligible securities, than your cash alone would provide.

Your account, including any assets held within it, then serves as collateral for that loan. However, in some cases, a personal guarantee may also be required to secure the margin loan. Also, the brokerage firm can legally change key terms at any time, such as how much equity you need to maintain. In other words, the brokerage firm is just lending you money. Regardless of how the stock performs, you will be on the hook for repaying the loan.

What is a Margin Call?

A margin call occurs when you’re required to add cash or securities to your account. This occurs when the value of the assets in your account dip below a certain value needed to secure the margin loan. If you can’t swiftly deposit the cash or stocks to cover the margin call, the brokerage firm can sell securities within your account at its discretion. In such cases, the brokerage firm is typically selling stocks that have dropped in value, further deepening the individual investor’s losses.

Margin & Self-Directed IRA

In general, Internal Revenue Code Section (“IRC”) 4975 prohibits an IRA holder from engaging in any transaction that involves:

  • (A) sale or exchange, or leasing, of any property between a plan and a disqualified person;
  • (B) lending of money or other extension of credit between a plan and a disqualified person;
  • (C) furnishing of goods, services, or facilities between a plan and a disqualified person;
  • (D) transfer to, or use by or for the benefit of, a disqualified person of the income or assets of a plan;
  • (E) act by a disqualified person who is a fiduciary whereby he deals with the income or assets of a plan in his own interest or for his own account; or
  • (F) receipt of any consideration for his own personal account by any disqualified person who is a fiduciary from any party dealing with the plan in connection with a transaction involving the income or assets of the plan.

A “disqualified person” is essentially defined as the Self-Directed IRA holder and any of his or her lineal descendants as well as any entity controlled by such persons.

So long as one is not required to personally guarantee the margin used in the investment and the only collateral being used is the underlying securities or cash, then the use of margin in an IRA would not trigger the IRS prohibited transaction rules. However, if one is required to personally guarantee the IRA margin obligation, then that activity would seemingly violate the IRS prohibited transaction rules under IRC Section 4975(c)(1)(B).

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Margin & UBTI Tax

Almost all retirement account investments generating passive income will not be subject to Unrelated Business Taxable Income (UBTI or UBIT) or Unrelated Debt Finance Income (UDFI) Tax. However, the UBTI tax is triggered in three circumstances:

  • Retirement account uses margin to buy stock
  • Retirement account invests in an active business through a passthrough entity, such as an LLC, or
  • An IRA uses a nonrecourse loan (real estate acquisition financing) to purchase real estate

Hence, if a Self-Directed IRA uses margin to buy stock or securities and the IRA holder is not required to personally guarantee the margin loan, the UBTI tax would apply to the gains attributable to the margin percentage. For example, by way of a simple example, if one had $100 in their IRA and borrowed an extra $100 to buy AMC stock, 50% of the gains would be subject to the UBTI tax, which has a maximum tax rate of 37% for 2026 over income above $15,000 or so of income.

Conclusion

Ultimately, the ability to use margin or other forms of leverage inside a Self-Directed IRA is not simply a question of what is permitted, but how it is structured and administered. The IRS rules governing prohibited transactions, personal guarantees, and Unrelated Business Income Tax are highly technical, and even well-intentioned investors can inadvertently trigger disqualification or unexpected tax liabilities if these rules are misunderstood or misapplied. Working with tax and retirement experts who deeply understand the intersection of margin, leverage, prohibited transaction rules, and UBIT allows investors to pursue more sophisticated strategies while maintaining compliance, protecting the tax-advantaged status of the IRA, and avoiding costly mistakes that can undermine long-term retirement goals.


IRA Financial (IRAF) is not a law firm and does not provide legal, financial, or investment advice. No attorney-client relationship exists between the Client and IRAF, its staff, or in-house counsel. IRAF offers retirement account facilitation and document services only. Clients should consult qualified legal, tax, or financial professionals before making investment decisions. IRAF does not render legal, accounting, or professional services. If such services are needed, seek a qualified professional. Custodian-related service costs are not included in IRAF’s professional services.

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